At present, the industry is focusing on the development of new low-toxicity, low-smoke, non-polluting flame retardants and fire-retardant materials.

1. Intumescent fire retardant material agent

In the 1980s, Professor G. Camino from Italy carried out a series of research work to establish and improve the intumescent flame retardant system and flame retardant mechanism theory with phosphorus and nitrogen as the theme.

Intumescent flame retardant is a new type of composite flame retardant that has attracted wide attention in the industry in recent years. It has a unique flame retardant mechanism and the characteristics of halogen-free, low smoke and low toxicity. The flame retardant system mainly uses the synergy of the "three sources" of acid source, carbon source and gas source to form a dense porous carbon foam layer on the surface of the material during combustion, which can not only prevent the further degradation of the inner layer polymer and the inflammable material to the surface. The release of heat can prevent the transfer of heat source to the polymer and isolate the oxygen source, thereby preventing the spread and spread of the flame.

2. Silicon fire retardant material agent

Silicon-based flame retardants improve the flame retardant properties of materials and also impart other properties. For example, silicon-based aerogels have both flame retardant properties and good thermal insulation properties, and have good application prospects in building thermal insulation materials. Another example is that POSS flame retardants have good application prospects in high-end defense materials. Figure 12 shows two typical chemical structures of polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS).

Polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS) is a unique class of silicone flame retardants, which can exhibit excellent flame retardant, mechanical and thermal properties at very low dosage.

3. New nano fire retardant material agent

The use of nanotechnology to develop nano-scale flame retardants, such as nano-layered double hydroxide, has the advantages of high purity, ultra-fine particle size, and good flame retardant performance. High-end nano flame retardant materials can be used in the aerospace field, such as the space suits worn by Shenzhou astronauts, which are fire-resistant and radiation-resistant, have high strength, high temperature resistance, good comfort, and excellent overall performance.

4. High molecular polymer fire retardant material agent

The molecular weight of polymer flame retardants is large, and the macromolecules are not easy to bioaccumulate, which is beneficial to health and environmental protection. Moreover, polymer flame retardants are used in conventional synthetic polymer materials without migration, precipitation, hydrolysis and degradation. Excellent aging resistance and water resistance, it is a hot spot in the development of flame retardant industry. In Figure 16, although the butadiene styrene brominated copolymer contains halogen, it is an environmentally friendly high molecular polymer flame retardant and is currently attracting wide attention.

5. Essential fire retardant materials

Different from the flame retardant properties imparted to materials by externally adding flame retardants, intrinsic flame retardant materials themselves have excellent flame retardant properties. Currently, the more popular intrinsic flame retardant fibers include:

At present, many special intrinsically halogen-free flame retardant polymer materials are dominated by foreign companies such as DuPont, Teijin, Toray, Bayer, Wu Yu, Evonik, BASF, etc. The domestic industry lacks the right to speak, and even many key materials are abroad. China is also under strict lockdown. China's flame retardant industry, which has a history of flame retardant for 5,000 years, still has a long way to go for its future development.

Polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI), melamine fiber (Basofil), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyamide-imide ( Kermal), phenolic fiber (Kynol), meta-aramid fiber, aramid fiber, polyphenylene sulfide, acrylic chloride fiber, intrinsically flame-retardant nylon, polyaromatic oxadiazole (POD), high-strength flame-retardant vinylon, polyimide (P84), pre-oxygen fiber, carbon fiber, flame retardant seaweed fiber, basalt fiber, silicon carbide fiber, etc.

At present, the industry has paid more attention to halogen-free intrinsic flame retardant polymers containing all aromatic heterocycles, silicon, boron, phosphorus and nitrogen, and metals. The flame retardant and environmental protection properties of halogen-free intrinsic flame retardant polymer materials have reached a new height. For example, Hangzhou Xiangjun Textile Flame Retardant Technology Co., Ltd. uses phosphorus-containing copolyester to achieve permanent flame retardant textiles. Compared with the use of blending, The flame-retardant textiles are pre-treated and post-finished such as padding, coating, etc. The products are environmentally friendly, halogen-free, durable and flame-retardant, and are widely used.