Introduction and Mechanism of Fire Retardant and Flame Retardant Materials

The flame resistance of fire retardant materials is usually classified by its oxygen index (OI). Oxygen index of 22% to 27% is a flame retardant material, and higher than 27% is a high flame retardant material. The two are collectively referred to as fire-retardant and flame-retardant materials, which are widely used in clothing, petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, shipbuilding, fire protection, national defense and other fields.

Introduction of fire retardant materials

Fire retardant material is a kind of protective material, it is a material that can prevent combustion but is not easy to burn itself, there are solid materials such as cement, steel, glass and other materials; If the surface of various materials such as the fire wall is coated with flame retardant, it can ensure that it will not be burned when a fire occurs, and it will not aggravate and expand the burning range.

Mechanism of fire and flame retardant materials

The purpose of flame retardant technology is to make non-flame retardant materials have flame retardant properties, which are not easy to burn or self-extinguishing under certain conditions. The ways of flame retardant are nothing more than the following:

1. The flame retardant carbonizes the combustible material, so as to achieve the flame retardant effect. This flame retardant effect mainly plays a role in the solid phase, and the flame retardant materials of this category are mainly phosphorus flame retardants (including organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus).

2. The flame retardant forms a non-volatile membrane under burning conditions, isolating the air to achieve the purpose of flame retardant. This flame retardant effect mainly works in the liquid phase. The flame retardant materials of this category mainly include borates, halides, antimony oxides and phosphorus materials, or the substances generated by the mutual reflection of these materials.

3. The decomposition products of the flame retardant cut off the chain reaction of hydroxyl radicals to achieve the purpose of flame retardant. This flame retardant effect mainly works in the gas phase. Materials of this class function primarily in the gas phase. Such flame retardant materials are mainly halides and antimony oxides.

4. Dispersion of combustion heat and dilution of combustible substances. Such flame retardant materials are mainly zinc borate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and other substances, mainly due to the decomposition of a large amount of endothermic and the generated non-combustible substances to dilute the flammable gas to achieve the purpose of flame retardant. In general, the flame retardant system should try to use non-toxic, economical and synergistic flame retardant materials. Commonly used flame retardant systems are: halogen-antimony oxide, phosphorus-nitrogen. However, the most commonly used flame retardant systems are mixed and selected, which can ensure comprehensive flame retardant performance. According to the standard, the flame retardant performance of the product is generally detected by the alcohol burner combustion test or the simulated roadway propane combustion test.