Woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and other types of fabrics must be dyed and finished after being placed on the loom.

Such as bleaching, dyeing or printing, finishing and other processes, the finishing content can be completed.

Refers to the fabric after bleaching, dyeing, printing to improve and improve the quality of the fabric,

Textile products that endow textiles with special functions are put on the market. These printing and dyeing processes all belong to the category of fabric finishing.

 

 Fabric finishing can be roughly divided into the following aspects according to its finishing purpose

(1) Make the fabric door width neat and stable in size and shape. This type of finishing includes fixed width, anti-shrinkage and anti-wrinkle and heat setting, which is called setting finishing.

(2) Improve the fabric feel. Such as stiff finishing, soft finishing and so on. Such finishing can be done by mechanical methods,

      Chemical methods or a combination of the two are used to treat fabrics for finishing purposes.

(3) Improve fabric appearance. Such as gloss, whiteness, drapability, etc. With calendering finishing,

      Brightening finishes and other finishes to improve the surface properties of fabrics.

(4) Improvement of other taking performance. Such as flame-retardant, water-repellent and hygienic finishing of cotton fabrics;

      Hydrophilic, anti-static, anti-pilling finishing of chemical fiber fabrics, etc.

 

 

1 , General finishing of fabrics

 Hand feel finishing:

 The feel of textiles is related to fiber raw materials, yarn varieties, fabric thickness, weight, organizational structure, and dyeing and finishing processes.

As far as fiber materials are concerned, silk fabrics are soft to the touch, hemp fabrics are stiff, and woolen fabrics are bulky, rough and elastic.

The hand finishing in this section only refers to stiff finishing and soft finishing.


01, Stiff finishing:

 Stiff finishing is the use of film-forming polymer substances to make finishing paste and padding on the fabric to make it adhere to the surface of the fabric.

After drying, a film is formed to cover the surface of the fabric, thereby giving the fabric a smooth, thick, plump and stiff hand.

 

02, Soft finishing

 One of the softening finishing methods is to make the fabric feel softer by mechanical action.

Usually, a three-roller rubber blanket pre-shrinking machine is used to appropriately reduce the operating temperature and pressure, and speed up the vehicle to obtain a softer feel.

If the fabric passes through multiple passive square guide rods, and then enters the soft calendering point on the calender for calendering,

A smooth and soft hand can also be obtained, but this soft finishing method is not resistant to washing, and most of the softening agents are currently used for soft finishing.

 

 Shape finishing:

 Including fixed-width (tiller) and mechanical pre-shrinking finishing, to eliminate the stress and strain accumulated in the previous process of the fabric,

The fibers in the fabric can be in a more appropriate natural arrangement, thereby reducing the deformation factor of the fabric.

The strain accumulated in the fabric is the main cause of the shrinkage, wrinkle and rough hand of the fabric.

 

 

01, the principle of fixed width (tenter):

Fixed-width finishing is the use of hydrophilic fibers with strong hygroscopicity such as cotton, viscose fiber, silk, wool, etc.

It has a certain plasticity in the wet state; the thermoplasticity of the synthetic fiber slowly widens its width to the specified size,

Therefore, part of the internal stress is eliminated, and the shape of the warp and weft yarns in the fabric is adjusted, so that the width of the fabric is uniform and the weft skew is corrected;

At the same time, the fabric is dried and cooled to obtain a relatively stable size (mainly in the weft direction) to meet the specifications of the printed and dyed products.

 

effect:

 Pull the width of the fabric to the standard size, and correct the defects of uneven width, weft skew, aurora and other defects of the fabric during the printing and dyeing process.

The tentering process is based on the fact that the fabric contains appropriate moisture, and the mechanical clip is used to gradually widen the edge of the fabric, and then slowly dry to obtain a temporary setting.

The width of the fabric before and after tentering should be limited, otherwise it will cause serious shrinkage.

 

 02, Mechanical pre-shrinking finishing:

 If the dried fabric after dyeing and finishing is wet with water in a relaxed state, the fabric will shrink significantly in the warp and weft directions.

This phenomenon is called shrinkage. Usually, the difference in warp or weft length before and after the fabric is washed according to the test standard,

The shrinkage in the warp or weft direction of the fabric is expressed as a percentage of the length before laundering.

 

It is mainly to solve the problem of warp shrinkage, so that the weft density and warp shrinkage of the fabric can be adjusted to a certain extent, so that the fabric has a slack structure.

The mechanically pre-shrinked fabric not only has a small "dry and set" shape, but also has enough space between the warp and weft after wetting.

In this way, the warp length of the fabric will not be shortened due to fiber swelling, that is, the potential shrinkage existing in the fabric will be eliminated,

It is pre-retracted, which reduces the shrinkage of the finished product.

 

Appearance finishing:

 The main contents of fabric appearance finishing include calendering finishing, electro-optic finishing, embossing finishing and whitening finishing of bleached fabrics. After finishing, the appearance of the fabric can be improved and beautified, such as increased gloss, improved flatness, and the surface is rolled into a concave and convex pattern.

 

 

01. Calendering, electro-optical and embossing finishing:

 

Mechanical finishing, calendering and electro-optic are mainly to improve the luster of the fabric, and the embossing can make the fabric have a three-dimensional effect of concave and convex patterns.

Calendering, electro-optical and embossing finishing are purely mechanical processing, and the effect is not lasting.

If used in combination with resin finishing, a washable finishing effect can be obtained.

 

 Calendering finishing:

Generally can be divided into ordinary calendering, friction calendering and electro-optical. All through the action of mechanical pressure, temperature and humidity,

With the help of the plasticity of the fiber, the surface of the fabric is flattened and the yarn is flattened to improve the gloss and smoothness of the fabric surface.


Electro-optical finishing: The electro-optical machine is composed of a hard steel roll with a certain angle and density of twill lines engraved on the surface and another elastic soft roll.

The inside of the hard roller can be heated, and the fabric can be pressed under the condition of heating and certain humidity, and parallel and neat twills are pressed out on the surface of the fabric.

Thus, the incident light is regularly reflected, and a silk-like high-gloss surface is obtained. The finishing of horizontal satin fabrics is mostly electro-optical finishing.

The slant line density on the surface of the electro-optic hard roller varies with the thickness of the yarn. The fabric with fine yarn count should use a larger density.

8 to 10 slashes/mm are the most common. The oblique direction of the engraved lines should be consistent with the twist direction of the main yarns on the fabric surface.


Embossing finishing: Similar to electro-optic finishing, the surface of the embossed hard roller is engraved with a positive pattern, and the soft roller is engraved with a negative pattern corresponding to the hard roller.

The two coincide with each other. The fabric passes through soft and hard rollers engraved with corresponding patterns, under the action of humidity, heat and pressure, to produce concave and convex patterns.

Light embossing machine is also called embossing machine. The hard roller is a copper roller for printing, and the soft roller is a nitrile rubber roller (active roller).

When embossing, the engraving of the hard roller is shallow, and the soft roller has no obvious corresponding negative pattern, and the pressure during embossing is also small.

The unevenness of the pattern produced on the fabric is also shallow, with a feeling of hidden flowers.

 

 02, whitening finishing:

 

After the fabric is bleached, there is often a trace of yellowish-brown light, and it is not easy to achieve pure whiteness.

Fabric whitening methods are often used to increase the white feel. There are two methods of whitening:

One is the blue-whitening method:

That is to color the fabric with a small amount of blue or purple dye or paint, using the complementary effect of pigment colors,

The blue-purple light in the reflected light of the fabric is slightly heavier, the whiteness of the fabric is improved, but the brightness is reduced,

It has a slightly dull feeling, and it has been rarely used alone in recent years only for color and light adjustment during fluorescent whitening.


The other is the fluorescent whitening method:

Fluorescent whitening agent dissolves in water and is colorless. Its chemical structure is similar to that of dyes. It can dye fibers. Fluorescent whitening agent itself is colorless.

However, after dyeing the fiber, it can emit blue-violet fluorescence visible to the naked eye under the excitation of ultraviolet light.

It mixes with the small amount of yellowish-brown light reflected from the fabric itself to synthesize white light, and the fabric appears whiter.

Brightness increases due to the increased total intensity of reflections, but is less effective in light sources lacking UV light.

 

02. Resin finishing:

Fabric resin finishing is developed with the development of polymer chemistry. The earliest use of formaldehyde as a finishing agent,

Subsequently, the viscose fabric is treated with the addition product of urea-formaldehyde to obtain a good anti-wrinkle and anti-shrinkage effect,

Laid the foundation for today's resin finishing. With the development of science and technology, cotton fabric resin finishing technology has also made great progress.

It has roughly gone through several development stages such as anti-wrinkle and anti-shrinkage, washable and wearable and durable pressing (D.P) finishing.

 

03. Special finishing:

In addition to being used in general daily life, textile articles can also improve their application range after some special finishing processes.

Such as water repellent, flame retardant, anti-static, anti-fouling, etc. These properties are generally not available in textiles,

It is obtained by a special finishing method, which is called special finishing.

 

 01. Waterproof finishing:

 

According to different processing methods, it can be divided into two categories: one is to apply a layer of water-insoluble continuous film on the surface of the fabric by coating method,

This product is impermeable, but not breathable, so it is not suitable for general clothing, but suitable for making rain-proof tarpaulins, umbrellas, etc.

Another type of finishing method is to change the surface properties of the fiber, so that the hydrophilicity of the fiber surface is converted into hydrophobicity.

However, there are still a lot of pores between fibers and yarns in the fabric, which can not only maintain air permeability, but also

It is not easy to be wetted by water, and is suitable for making wind and raincoat fabrics. This breathable waterproof finish is also known as a water repellent finish.

 

 02. Antistatic finishing:

 When clothes are electrostatically charged due to friction, the skirt often adheres to the legs, and the outerwear is tightly attached to the underwear.

In some explosive places, explosion accidents can also be caused by static sparks.

Durable, externally applied static preventing agents are often used in the finishing process of printing and dyeing.

This kind of anti-static agent is required to have a durable anti-static effect without affecting the style of the fabric.

It does not affect the shade and fastness of dyed and printed fabrics, is compatible with other auxiliaries, has no odor,

Non-toxic to human skin, etc. Commonly used are polymer surfactants, including anionic,

non-ionic. Cationic. The above antistatic properties are used to increase the hygroscopicity of the fiber surface to inhibit the accumulation of electric charges.

 

03. Flame retardant finishing:

 After the fabric is flame-retardant finishing, the water-soluble flame retardant penetrates into the fiber and turns into a high molecular polymer after the chemical reaction of ammonia fumigation.

Permanently crosslinks with fibers. Textiles after flame retardant finishing will not burn when exposed to fire,

Instead, it means that the fabric can reduce its flammability in the flame, slow down the speed of spread, and not form a large area of combustion;

After leaving the flame, it can quickly self-extinguish without burning or smoldering, and has good durable washing performance.


                                               About Fuyong Chuangbao Fire and Flame Retardant Processing Factory in Baoan District, Shenzhen

                          Chuangbao International Development Co., Ltd. is a company integrating production, supply and sales to develop fire retardants,

                          Professional fire retardant and fire retardant dominated by fire retardant material processing, fabric production and fire retardant furniture manufacturing

                          Materials Co., Ltd. Specializing in fire retardant, fire retardant materials, fire retardant soft packs,

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